Part I. The script

Lesson 5. Seats and typing

Alif as seat

A word can't start with a bare vowel mark. The mark needs a seat: alif with hamza (the small ء).

The e seat is the a seat plus alif, just as e is fatḥa plus alif elsewhere.

Typing (optional)

The journal is handwritten, so skip this unless you want to type. macOS has an Arabic keyboard (System Settings, Keyboard, Input Sources). The original sheet says the marks are on Shift + letter keys; I couldn't confirm that [unverified]. Turn on "Show Input menu in menu bar" and open the Keyboard Viewer: it shows every key, Shift layer included.

Exercises 5

1. Write the seat for word-initial a.
2. Write the seat for word-initial e.
3. Write the seat for word-initial i.
4. Write uno.
5. Write era.
6. Write isla.